One of the key regions affected was the hippocampus, which plays an important role in storing and processing memories.

The amount of fat stored around internal organs during middle age could influence how well the brain ages in later years, according to findings from a long-term international study.

Researchers monitored 533 adults for nearly 16 years, repeatedly examining their cognitive performance along with MRI scans of both the brain and abdominal region. The study, published in Nature Communications, explored the relationship between visceral fat and changes in brain structure over time.

Scientists found that participants with persistently higher levels of internal abdominal fat were more likely to show faster shrinkage in certain brain areas associated with memory and learning. One of the key regions affected was the hippocampus, which plays an important role in storing and processing memories.

The researchers said the findings point toward metabolic health as an important factor in cognitive ageing. According to the study, glucose control and insulin sensitivity appeared to significantly influence the connection between visceral fat and declining brain function.

Interestingly, the study did not find a similar association between brain ageing and body mass index or fat stored beneath the skin. Researchers suggested visceral fat may be more closely linked to brain ageing than overall body weight.

The research involved experts from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and other institutions. They added that dietary changes aimed at reducing visceral fat may help preserve cognitive abilities as people grow older.